Comparative Study between Artificial Sweeteners Such as Aspartame and Neotame on Neurobehavioral and Some Haematological Parameters in Male Rats

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested potential health risks associated with the consumption of artificial sweeteners. This study investigates the effects of the artificial sweeteners aspartame and neotame on neurobehavioral performance and selected hematological parameters in male rats. Twenty-four male albino rats, weighing 200 to 240 g, were divided into three groups: a control group receiving tap water, a group receiving neotame (250 mg/kg/day), and a group receiving aspartame (500 mg/kg/day). The study was conducted over eight weeks under controlled conditions. Neurobehavioral assessments included the open field test, swimming rank test, and Y-maze test. Hematological parameters were analyzed using an automated blood analyzer after the experimental period. The findings indicated that both aspartame (ASP) and neotame (NEO) significantly affected neurobehavioral parameters in male rats. The open field test results demonstrated a marked reduction in locomotor activity in both treatment groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). Similarly, the swimming rank test revealed diminished swimming capabilities in the ASP and NEO groups, suggesting potential neurotoxic effects. Hematological analyses showed a significant increase in red and white blood cell counts in both treatment groups, while hemoglobin and hematocrit levels decreased compared to controls (p < 0.05). The study concludes that chronic exposure to artificial sweeteners such as aspartame and neotame can adversely affect neurobehavioral and hematological parameters in male rats. These findings underscore the importance of further research to clarify the long-term health effects of artificial sweeteners in both animal models and humans.