Computational Analysis for Fluid-Solid Interface Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis Techniques

Abstract

This study presents a one-dimensional steady-state computational analysis of fluid-solid interactions using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis (CFD) analysis techniques. The analysis is conducted through numerical simulation based on Biot’s theory, implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. Four two-layer models: air-stainless steel, air-silicon carbide, water-limestone, and water-sand are examined to investigate the influence of key parameters on acoustic wave reflection at interfaces. The models were analyzed under varying acoustic frequencies (10 Hz to 10 kHz) and oblique incidence angles (0° to 80°). The results indicate that the reflection coefficient is relatively stable at low frequencies, ranging between 0.8 and 0.9. However, with higher frequencies and larger incidence angles, the coefficient gradually decreases, reaching approximately 0.4 at 80° and 10 kHz. Silicon carbide maintained a stable reflection pattern across the frequency range with less than 5% variation, while sand showed a significant increase in reflection up to 20% at high oblique angles. Interfaces with high acoustic impedance contrast, such as air–stainless steel, exhibited the highest reflection. The study concludes that porosity, permeability, and the angle of incidence are critical parameters that influence acoustic reflection behavior. These findings support the design and optimization of porous and composite materials for insulation and noise control in engineering applications. The simulation approach can be extended in future work to validate results against experimental data and to explore more complex structures and dynamic conditions.