Synergistic Effect of 2,4-D Herbicide and Copper Sulphates in Control the Snail Bulinus Truncatus by Using Bioassay

Abstract

The current study was designed to examine the synergistic effects of 2,4-D and copper sulfates in controlling Bulinus truncatus snail (the vector of urinary Schistosomiasis). Freshwater snails B. truncatus (Audouin, 1827) were exposed to copper sulphates (CuSO₄) and the herbicide (2,4-D). The mortality was assessed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure time. The toxicity of CuSO₄ showed to be more than the toxicity of 2,4-D to B. truncatus snail. Such, the toxicity of both substances (2,4-D and CuSO₄) appeared to be more toxic than each substance toxicity alone. A lethal concentration means of CuSO₄ (LC50) was 0.44 ppm, while the 2,4-D was 0.38 ppm. In addition, the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO₄ (1ml+2g) was 0.22 ppm while the mixture (2ml+1g) was 0.26ppm. The study was concluded the synergistic toxicity of a mixture of two substances used. Also, mixing the both substances was produced more toxic effect than the prober substances alone. Protection of the environment must be taken in considerations when use these materials to kill the snails. The results of this study showed that the mortality rates were increased with increasing of concentrations used in treatment. The study was improved that the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO₄ has synergistic toxicity when mixed together.