Synthesis of Nano-Pomegranate Peel via Sol-Gel Method and Screen Characterization

Veterinary Drug Research and Production Center/ Corporation of Research and Industrial Development – Iraq Chemical and Petrochemical Research Center/ Corporation of Research and Industrial Development – Iraq National Center for Packing and Packaging/ Corporation of Research and Industrial Development – Iraq Al-Razi Center for Research and Medical Kits Production/ Corporation of Research and Industrial Development


Introduction
Study of Nanomaterial is recently widespread due to their large space of Sol-gel used [1]. Nanoparticles made in Sol-gel application considered safe theoretically and when conjugated with herbal extract may potentially activate the activity of herb besides producing nano herbal extract nontoxic and valuable in the natural system [2]. Nano herbal extract is distinguished from others by its their small size, high surface-to-volume ratio, electronic properties, functional groups and aggregation behavior, high efficiency, and ability to penetrate the tissues of different organs as a good source of drug for the treatment of many diseases [3,4]. Pomegranate peel considers as a rich source of polyphenols with potent antioxidant properties [5] and antibacterial properties. Peels are widely used to treat infections found in human sexual organs, in addition, to treat mastitis, acne, folliculitis, pile, allergic dermatitis, scalds, diarrhea, and dysentery [6,7]. So the presences study concerns with the preparation of Nanomaterial by Sol-gel methods and characterization.

Experimental Procedure
Preparation of Nano-Pomegranate Peel Solution 100 g of pomegranate peel collected washed with tap water then exposed the peels to sunlight for two days after derided grinding by a coffee grinder to a fine powder. 1 gram of crusts powder is taken and dissolved with 100 ml quantity of (ethanol alcohol, water, and acetic acid) placed in a glass beaker of 1 liter capacity and stirred using Ultrasonic Probe sonicator type (USA) and add to the Beaker 10 ml of concentrated acetic acid with the addition of 100 ml of distilled water and by continuous stirring at a temperature of 80 ° C for 4 hours for 10 days.

Characterization of Nano Pomegranate Peel Solution Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Scanning Probe Microscopy technique used to measure mechanical, magnetic, electrical, and electrochemical surface topography on a nanometer scale. It can measure features from as small as interatomic spaces to a tenth of a millimeter. The ability to measure surfaces in three dimensions provides more precise topographical data of air and liquids beside the analysis the size of particles in nano-solution [8].

Antibacterial Activity of Nano Solution
The diffusion method was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity by using of Mueller-Hilton agar medium inoculated with bacterial suspension then incubated at 35 °C for 24 h., finally inhibition zones were measured considered as antibacterial activity [9].   The Nanoparticles of peel solution were observed as fine sheets with diameter rate (64.5) nm scanning by electron microscope (SEM) as seen in Figure ( EDS pattern of Nanoparticles was shown in Figure (3) which observe two peaks of carbon and oxygen which acted as a capping agent to nanoparticles and in Table (2) shows the element present in solution.

Conclusion
In the study, Nano pomegranate peels solution prepared by Sol-gel method which is considered one of the simplest methods of preparation by using temperature 80°C. The Nano solution analyzed by AFM shows (64.5) nm diameter range and EDX image show two peaks, the high peak representing carbon at 67.2% at w% and low peak representing oxygen at 32.7% at w%. The antibacterial activity of Nano solution shows diameter between (25-27) mm in St. aurous and E.coli compared to crude solution due to elements presence made it more efficient and can be used in different fields of pharmaceutical industry in the future.